从“科学的代言人”到“当事人的枪手”——专家证人历史沿革与我国现实考察

英美法系在很早以前就认识到了专家在审判中的重要作用，而具有偏向性专家证人则是对抗制的产物。在中世纪，专家是以陪审团成员或者法官顾问的身份出现在法庭上的，由法官进行引导和控制．以保证其中立性和公正性。16世纪，随着知情陪审团被不知情陪审团所替代，法院开始传唤专家出庭，就某个专业问题向陪审团提供意见和结论。到了18世纪．英美法系审判中对抗的因素越来越多．双方当事人开始传唤专家作为各自的证人出庭提供意见。但18世纪末19世纪初的专家证人并不具有偏向性。直到19世纪中期，专家证人开始为各自当事人的利益服务．在法庭上为就与案件事实相关的专门性问题提出自己的意见．现代意义上的专家证人产生。梳理英美法系专家证人的历史对我国司法鉴定制度改革具有重要的指导意义。我国现已全面确立专家辅助人制度．专家辅助人应当具有中立性．并需构建一系列的程序和制度对专家辅助人的中立性进行保障。     

条约演化解释方法的最新实践及其反思

演化解释俨然已成为条约解释的一个新趋势,但在实践运用中,该方法却存在武断、机械和片面等问题。未遵循条约解释的基本原理是导致这些问题的主要原因。演化解释方法和当时意义解释方法的关系密切,应在综合考虑各个解释要素的基础上,对这两种方法权衡后再作选择。运用演化解释方法,应在条约已有概念的基础上进行,并且不得违背条约的目的和宗旨。演化解释方法的运用可沿循一定的路径进行。     

论担保物权实现的程序

《物权法》规定了抵押权人可以向法院请求拍卖和变卖抵押财产,但是如何申请、具体适用何种程序申请未予明确,使实体上的权利无法获得司法程序的保障。域外立法关于担保权实现的程序主要有诉讼裁判、申请拍卖和非讼裁判三种模式。现阶段我国采用非讼裁判模式具有必要性和可行性,符合程序正当和高效的要求,也具备相应的理论基础。同时,根据我国强制执行程序的现状,应当在裁定程序中强化对债务人的程序保障。     

Strange bedfellows: Dynamics of government‐business relations between Chinese local authorities and Taiwanese investors

China poses a theoretical challenge in that corruption and rent‐seeking activities have not hindered foreign direct investment and economic development. Studies in development have documented the problems of rent‐seeking. International capital presumably hesitates to step into a Third‐World country such as China, which cannot protect private property rights with a comprehensive legal framework. However, for the last decade in China export promotion, foreign capital, and industrial development have proceeded simultaneously. This research argues that local officials helped investors overcome the problem of high transaction costs during a period of institutional uncertainty and local informal rules supplied foreigners with effective protection of property rights under corrupt circumstances. By controlling rent‐seeking activities, local officials created a wide variety of ad hoc patronage for private and foreign investments within their administrative domain. In return, local governments received extrabudgetary payments for the official patronage. This article provides an in‐depth case study of the so‐called joint venture between Taiwanese enterprises and Chinese local authorities in the Pearl River Delta, the institutional bases for their collaboration and the dynamics of the relationship under institutional change.     

The Making of a Market Economy in China: Transformation of Government Regulation of Market Development

Abstract:  The making of a market economy in China occurred when the domestic legal system was largely underdeveloped. It is the administrative bureaucratic system that has played a leading role in the making of a market economy in China. In recent years, the Chinese Government has strived to establish a market economy based on the rule of law and has undertaken legal measures to rationalise government regulation of market economy development. However, the administrative bureaucratic system headed by the central government remains a strong party leading the market economy construction in China. This article argues that the administrative bureaucratic system and market economy development have evolved into a social institution. To transform the regulation of market economy development towards the rule of law is a social institutional change and is a slow and incremental process, as it is imbedded in the various formal and informal constraints in Chinese society.     

从相互协助到相互承认——欧盟刑事取证立法变迁探析

欧盟刑事取证立法建立在两个不同原则上,一是传统的相互协助基础上的立法,一是1999年坦佩雷会议后,相互承认基础上的立法;这两种立法在欧盟范围内并存。从未来发展看,相互承认基础上的立法将逐步取代相互协助基础上的立法。欧盟理事会2008年12月通过的《欧盟证据令》是欧盟在相互承认基础上取代原有刑事取证立法的第一步,对原有立法进行了制度性革新。欧盟刑事取证立法在取得显著进步的同时,在相互承认原则和公民基本权利保障等方面也面临着诸多挑战。     

低碳视角下政府绩效评价体系研究

政府绩效评价已经成为世界各国政府改革的重要组成部分,在一定程度上提高了政府的行政效率和服务能力,但其有效性受到不同社会经济环境下政府行为价值取向的影响。低碳经济时代赋予了政府新的职能,"低碳化"也成为了政府新的价值取向,文章在低碳经济视角下对政府职能进行重新定位,将"低碳"元素引入政府绩效评价体系中,从评价主体的选择、评价指标的设计、评价方法的确定和评价结果的管理四个方面,对政府绩效评价体系进行了探讨,这对于我国建设低碳政府和推动低碳经济的发展有着重要的现实意义。     

李白与李奎报酒诗同异试论

李白是中国唐代浪漫主义伟大诗人,李奎报为朝鲜高丽时代著名诗人,二人皆以好酒传名于世。而就酒诗看,李白与李奎报也有相同之处,如酒诗浪漫主义的风格、吟志抒怀的内容、“以气为主,以自然为宗”创作手法的运用等。但就二人酒诗相异之处而言,李奎报诗歌在浪漫主义手法之外,还采用现实主义手法,因而其作品写实内容多于李白,李奎报酒诗并有援禅入诗的创作手法。